The Definition of the French Word Autant

Definition: (adv) - as much/many, so much/manyJai autant de frà ¨res que lui - I have as many brothers as he does.Mange autant que tu veux - Eat as much as you want.Je ne mattendais pas à   autant de monde ! - I wasnt expecting so many people!Related:  tant (adv) - so much/many (tant vs autant) Pronunciation: [o ta(n)]

U.s. And China On Anti Terrorism War - 3623 Words

Final Paper INS 540 Student: Qian (Thalassa) Huang Instructor: Dr. E.M Restrepo The Cooperation In Intelligence Sharing Between the U.S. and China on Anti-terrorism War Abstract: With the globalization of the terrorism activities, it is necessary and urgent for the U.S. to seek for cooperation in intelligence sharing with countries other than the past allies such the UK and Europe. From 2013 China has started to establish activities fighting with the terrorism after being attacked by two horrible terrorism assaults. Besides, China has always had a close economic and trade relationships with the U.S. To look forward joining hands with China in intelligence sharing on anti-terrorism war based the existing coordination is possible and†¦show more content†¦With the rapidly moving on technology and the Internet especially the social media, terrorism activities have been globalized and new challenges on anti-terrorism war occurred. Equipped with the social network, the terrorists do not have to be physically gathered since they could get connection and even plan one attack via Internet and social media. It is obvious this is a low-risk and low-co st way to organize terrorism activities. This horrifying trend makes cooperative system across the borders more urgent and necessary. The U.S. has entirely been aware of the domestic terrorism activities from the experience of 9/11 and it has been involved and contributed a lot in the global anti-terrorism war. The U.S. has assembled a global coalition on intelligence sharing network with a number of countries such as UK, Japan and Australia. The U.S. intelligence agencies work at expanding intelligence gathering sources and channels, including cooperation and hostile intentions of people and trade cooperation. Commonly there are three ways to share the intelligence: firstly, a country could collect data in crucial areas and analyze them independently, then exchange the processed data with the U.S. for other data. However, under this condition the U.S. has to do exchange service in return to gaining the information, such as to provide training or visiting to this country, which might incur confidentiality issues. Beside,

How Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Are Related free essay sample

RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to leverage its business model to satisfy three primary consumer needs – information, cost effectiveness and quality in a single place. As far as information generation is concerned, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to use opinion leaders to generate extensive reviews on popular products. Furthermore RABBIRRA mobile accessory center plans to offer attractive incentives for customers to sign up on our web site and review products. We also plan to import high quality of china model mobile accessories and other countries model. 2. Cost effectiveness: With its expertise in wholesaling and all its suppliers based in China, RABBIRRA mobile accessory center anticipates margins of 30-60% on its products and can react to new entrants by offering similar products at negligible margins. 1. 3 Location Locating the business will be in East showa at Gedo City kebele 01 near Chaliya Hotel. The reason for chosen this location has been the following criteria. In this location we get all facilities easily such as transport, water supply, electric power supply and others, the house rent is very less cost, we get a lot of customers because around the location there is no more other business to operate this activities. It is comfortable to target markets . the location also enables the business to cover a large and rapidly developing customer populace. E-Commerce: The business will make an effort to enhance its sales through a serious and advantageous website in order to attract customers that are reluctant to do business with large companies. 1. 4 Market area The market area of our business plan to selling our mobile accessories is in the center of Gedo City kebele 01. It has a lot of population around here and it is near to Chaliya Hotel. In this area there are a lot of schools, building constrictions, and social and religion institutes, other market centers, hotels and restaurants this give a better advantage of selling our products. 1. 5 Market Segmentation RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center will focus on  five customer groups, bearing in mind that it is quite customary today to have more than one mobile phone per family: * Children in the age group of 14-17 years old Students * General public * Professionals * Service organizations and companies that need to be in constant communication with their employees. Customer potential| Growth| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Children(14-17 years)| 3%| 90,000| 92,700| 95,481| Student| 2 %| 50,000| 51,000| 52,020| Professions| 2 %| 40,000| 40,800| 41,616| General public| 2%| 250,000| 255,000| 260,100| Operating service company| 4%| 40,000| 41,600| 43,264| Other| 1%| 30,000| 30,300| 30,603| Total| 2. 29%| 500,000| 511,400| 523,084| Table 1. 1 Main customers of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center . 6 Total demand The following table is show demands of the product per month and pre year:- Products| Demand per month(quantity)| Demand per year(quantity)| Battery| 100| 1200| Charger| 90| 1080| Memory| 110| 1320| Screen protector| 50| 600| Case| 55| 660| Cover| 95| 1140| Adapter| 75| 900| Earphone| 98| 1176| Headset| 80| 960| Cable| 60| 720| Modem| 45| 240| Audio accessory| 48| 576| Table 1. 2 Main product demands of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center In general total demand of our business is increased based on as we see that he number of customers are increases and they will satisfy by our product and the place of the business is comfortable for the market. 1. 7 Market Share RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center has set modest goals for gains in market share as can be seen from the chart below. Starting with a market share of 15%, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to capture 24% of the market by 2016. % 30 25 20 15 10 0 Year 1 year 2 year 3 Fig 1. 1 Market sharing of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 8 Selling price Many product sellers are struggle with selling price, and we are regularly asked how we work it out. As much as we want to and the selling price formula is based on â€Å"Rate-Plus Method†. The selling price of each product is the following:- Products| Purchasing price (birr)| Profit ( percent)| Profit (birr)| Selling price(birr)| Battery| 73. 45| 10. 27| 7. 55| 80. 00| Charger| 24. 50| 22. 45| 5. 5| 30. 00| Memory| 65. 70| 14. 15| 9. 30| 75. 00| Screen protector| 43. 80| 14. 15| 6. 20| 50. 00| Case| 17. 00| 17. 65| 3. 00| 20. 00| Cover| 21. 50| 16. 28| 3. 50| 25. 00| Adapter| 18. 60| 18. 28| 3. 40| 22. 00| Earphone| 23. 00| 21. 74| 5. 00| 28. 00| Headset| 85. 40| 17. 38| 14. 60| 100. 00| Cable| 35. 0| 12. 04| 4. 30| 40. 00| Modem| 53. 65| 11. 84| 6. 35| 60. 00| Audio accessory| 92. 00| 19. 58| 18. 00| 110. 00| Table 1. 3 Product selling price of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 9 Sales Forecast Sales forecast displayed here is very although we aim very high, we decided to show a very slow growth and revise the plan on a yearly basis. As a rule we expect to expand the volu me much more rapidly Year 1 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1,200| 96,800| Charger| 1,080| 32,400| Memory| 1,320| 99,000| Screen protector| 600| 30,000| Case| 660| 13,200| Cover| 1,140| 28,500| Adapter| 900| 19,800| Earphone| 1,176| 32,928| Headset| 960| 96,000| Cable| 720| 28,800| Modem| 540| 32,400| Audio accessory| 576| 63,360| Total| 10,872| 573,188| Table 1. 4 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year one) Year 2 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1344| 107,520| Charger| 1209| 36,270| Memory| 1478| 110,850| Screen protector| 672| 33,600| Case| 739| 14,780| Cover| 1276| 31,900| Adapter| 1008| 22,176| Earphone| 1317| 36,876| Headset| 1075| 107,500| Cable| 806| 32,240| Modem| 605| 36,300| Audio accessory| 642| 70,620| Total| 12,171| 640,632| Table 1. Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year two) Year 3 Products| Amount (quantity)| Price (birr)| Battery| 1505| 120,400| Charger| 1354| 40,620| Memory| 1655| 124,125| Screen protector| 753| 37,650| Case| 828| 16,560| Cover| 1429| 37,725| Adapter| 1128| 24,816| Earphone| 1475| 41,300| Headset| 1204| 120,400| Cable| 903| 36,120| Modem| 678| 40,680| Audio accessory| 719| 79,090| Total | 13,631| 719,486| Table 1. 6 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year three) Fig 1. 2 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 10 Promotion measures Primarily when we begin agreement selling the product we sell that product price without including our labor and other expenses sell the product only the cost of the purchasing product. In addition to this we advertisement by satisfied customers, use of posters, Brochures, billboards and regular prompt supply by the manufacturer. 1. 11 Marketing Strategy Short-term marketing strategies are those that bring  will bring us  a temporary boost in traffic. Although these techniques are very important to  our over-all plan, they are only a temporary traffic source and must not be solely relied upon. Short-term marketing strategies include: * Purchasing Advertising * Bulletin Boards * Search Engines Long-term marketing strategies are those that will bring  us a steady stream of targeted traffic over time. These strategies will continue to produce results even years down the road. Long-term marketing strategies include: * Decide-in Lists * Free gift * Content By creating and implementing a balanced marketing strategy, using both short-term and long-term strategies,  RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center  will drive a steady stream of targeted traffic to our website. Using this simple formula when creating  our Internet marketing strategy and excelling at all three, we hope to  guarantee our success. Our short-term marketing strategy will focus heavily on sales promotion, niche positioning in the market and customer service with loyalty and retention in sales. Our promotions will always stay in tune with our company objectives and mission statement. Sales Strategy Constructing our Sales Strategy we shall follow the following steps: Sales Success Requires Planning   we shall formulate our sales strategy and tactics to achieve our sales success. Analyze Our Potential   we shall step through a structured process that will prepare  us for the development of our sales strategy. Strategize Around Strengths   the description of our sales activity  will be analyzed producing a report that reveals factors impacting our sales potential. Develop Our Tactics   we shall receive guidance to develop a comprehensive tactical plan to achieve our success. Measures Our Success   we shall constantly develop key measurements that mark the progress of financial estimates that guide our growth. Employ an Action Plan for Success   we shall provide our sales force a clear tactical plan that is also aligned with managements strategic objectives. The sales strategy of RABBIRRA mobile accessory center is simple. The key to customer satisfaction is having the product and  services  that meet the customers needs. A crucial part of that is to also have knowledgeable  employees to help customers quickly find what they want. 1. 12 Marketing budget RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory has a high quality products compare to our competitors. We have a skillful promotion is social networks other advertising business card to peoples, by allocating brochures, Billboards and other tools. Since those costs that are used in our promotion are not too much costly because we develop by ourselves. In addition to this promotion in social networks in not costly it is free to post our products to advertise. Totally we for month marketing budget of birr 40 or annual budget of birr 480. Chapter two 2. Production 2. 1 Production Process The production process is a component appearing under the operating plan of the overall of our business plan. The production process is the process a product or service takes in order for it to become ready for customers to buy. In our business we have no production process since we are not going to produce production materials instead we are going to share the product as a centralized organ. To progresses our business the following things should be fulfilled. 1. Selecting the appropriate place to sale our products 2. Having enough money to do the business 3. Decide what customers available for our production 2. 2 Fixed Capital Fixed capital Building 11,400(annually in birr) Equipment: Computers 8,000 ? 1 =8,000 3 Shelves 2,000 x 3 =6,000 3 tables 500 x 3=1,500 4 chairs 4504=1,800 1 speaker 6501=650 2 adapters 602=120 2 calculators 902=180 Total fixed asset 29,650 2. 3 Life of fixed capitals The life of the fixed building is undetermined because it is not owned by us. The life of computers, shelves, tables, speakers, chairs and adapters are more than 10 years because we can maintain computers, speakers and adapters when it fails and we repair chairs and tables when it breaks. The life of a shelf is more than 10 years because it is regularly used when we are putting materials. The annual depreciation cost, assuming no scrap value, will therefore be: 5 % of 11,400 (Building)Birr 570 10% of 18,250 (equipment) Birr 1,825 Annual depreciation cost: Birr 2,395 . 4 Maintenance and repairs Because of simplicity of equipment the worker of the shop can maintain and repair the things that needed to repair. When we say mobile accessory sales we can conclude that maintain and repair the mobile accessories, such as mobile cover, changing mobiles ice, screen protector and etc. 2. 5 Source of Equipment Source of our equipment are the super market, Production suppliers, and etc. 2. 6 Plan ed capacity The capacity to sale equipment should be greater than the existing one. Also attraction of customer should be better than the others. 0% of equipment should be sale per a day. 50% per a week and 90% per a month. 2. 7 Future capacity In the future we are going to increase customer by increasing the quality of our service more and more. After two year we will open the branch of our Business in appropriate place and we will open job opportunity for jobless persons. 2. 8 Terms and conditions of purchase of Equipment There is no raw material we need since we are not producing by our self simply we get or purchase the equipment from the organization of the product. 2. 9 Factory location and layout Our Mobile accessory Center will be located in one room which is used for selling room. The total size of the rooms will be on 15sq. ft. We does not use any other materials therefore there is no estimation of cost of raw materials and their availability. 2. 10 Labor The manager by himself can participate in working and manages other workers and equipment. And also supervise the entire of the work. 2. 11 Cost of labor The owner will pay will pay himself a wage of birr 1000 and his assistant will be paid birr 600 per month. The other labor get 200 birr and Indirect labor Birr per Month 5 Owner / manager 700 x5=3,500 Sweeper 200 x1=200 Total 3,700 Direct labor Birr per Month Worker 3501 = 350 Total labor cost 4,050 2. 12 Labor availability Workers available all the time since there are more educated persons in Ethiopia. So we can get labor whenever we need. 2. 13 Labor productivity The wage for workers will paid on holly day depending on condition of market 2. 14 Factory overhead Expenses Factory overhead in our business consists of the following things Per Month Birr Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 2. 15 Production cost 1. Direct labor Birr per month Worker 350 x1= 350 2. Factory overhead Expenses Birr per month Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 Total production cost 4,350 Chapter Three 3. Organizations and Management 3. 1 Form of Business The business will be registered under the name â€Å"RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center† as a sole proprietorship and owned by Mr. PeterosTona, RebumaYadasa, Shiferaw Tegen, SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed . It will have its business address located at West showa in Gedo City. 3. 2 Organizational Structure The proprietors have their individual accountability and burdens in successively the business consecutively the business. General Manager Mr. PetrosTona, Finance manager Mr. ShiferawTegen, Marketing and Purchasing Manager RebumaYadasa, Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Mr. Sirage Ahmed as main division of work and when work loaded all members is work as Seller. Two part time will be hired for customers contact and reservation the needs of the regulars. When work load is happens all owners can cover each other tasks to minimize overload of the work. Fig 3. 1 Organizational Structure General Manager Mr. Petros Tona Marketing and purchasing Manager Mr. Rebuma Yadasa Finance manager Mr. Shifera Tegen Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed Worker (To be hired) 3. Business experience and qualifications of the entrepreneur Most of the proprietors do not have a proper way business experience but our satisfaction we learn several thing about business in two subjects. The primary of this satisfaction is we learn entrepreneurship and small business management course. In this course we have a good knowledge and confidence to work this business. The other course we take Economi cs, it related to business. All entrepreneurs will get BSC degree in computer science from Jimma University. They took varies major and common course during the 4 years program. Some of the major courses are Calculus , discrete math, economics advanced programming, object oriented programming, fundamental of database system, Internet programming, advanced database system, computer graphics, data communication and computer network, wireless communication and mobile computing, artificial intelligence, distributed system, multimedia system, computer security, formal language theory, compiler design, complex theory, statistics and others. 3. 4 Pre-Operation Activities We listed down the following activates to be started before we can activate our business: 1. Process the steps needed for business 1 day 2. Preparing expressing the business plan 5 weeks 3. Applying for a loan and approval 3 weeks 4. Contact product suppliers 1 week 5. Employment labor 2 days 6. Purchasing product 4 days 7. Setting up the product 1 day We intended to start the operation approximately five months after our credit application, eight weeks after release our loan. Table 3. 1 Giant chart Pre-Operation Activities| Time Table (in weeks)| | 1| 2| 3| 4 | 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| Registering the business| | | | | | | | | | | Preparing the business plan| | | | | | | | | | | Applying for a loan and approval| | | | | | | | | | | Contact equipment suppliers| | | | | | | | | | | Construction the factory| | | | | | | | | | | Hiring labor| | | | | | | | | | | Equipment purchasing| | | | | | | | | | | RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center pre-operation activities 3. 5 Pre- Operation Expenses Our Pre-operation is that we have to decide the place properly to progresses our business. Pre-operating Expense birr Registration cost 200 Electricity 150 Transportation cost 100 Total Pre-operating expense450 3. 6 Office equipment We will just buy three inexpensive tables which are suitable for computers and four chairs, calculators and stabilizer. All this costs birr 18,250. The monthly and annually depreciation for this equipment will be birr 22and 1,825 respectively. 3. 7 Administrative Expense The entrepreneur wants to keep our cost low in order to be competitive. Our monthly administrative expense consists of: Birr Treasure allowance (wife) 290 Depreciation of office equipment 22 Supplies and communication 30 Electricity 200 Total 542 Chapter Four 4 Financial Plan 4. 1 Project cost 4. 1. 1 Fixed assets Building 11,400(Annually in birr) Equipment18,250 Total fixed assets29,650 29,650 4. . 2 Pre-Operation Expense 450 4. 1. 3 Working Capital Monthly purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product Annually purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product x 12 Products| Monthly amount| Purchasing price(birr) per month| Annually amount | Purchasing price(birr) per year| Battery| 100| 7,345| 1200| 88,140| Charger| 90| 2,205| 1080| 26,460| Memory| 110| 7,22 7| 1320| 86,724| Screen protector| 50| 2,190| 600| 26,280| Case| 55| 935| 660| 11,220| Cover| 95| 2,042. 50| 1140| 24,510| Adapter| 75| 1,395| 900| 16,740| Earphone| 98| 2,254| 1176| 27,048| Headset| 80| 6,832| 960| 81,984| Cable| 60| 2,142| 720| 25,704| Modem| 45| 2,414. 25| 240| 28,971| Audio accessory| 48| 4,416| 576| 52,992| Total| 906| 41,397. 75| 10,872| 496,773| The cost of one month of Purchasing product 41,397. 75 Values of each needed for operation. This will be The cost of one month of labor and overhead 8,050 Total working capital49,447. 75 49,447. 75 Total capital requirement 79,547. 75 4. 2 Financing plan and loan Requirement Initially individually we collect 8,500 birr for each of us which results 42,500 birr covering the cost of building, equipment, labor, factory overhead and pre-operating expense. A loan will be required for the purchasing of product. Particulars| Owner’s equity | Loan | Total | Fixed Capitals| (in birr )| Building | 11,400| -| 11,400| Equipment| 18,250| -| 18,250| Pre-operation expense| 450| -| 450| Working capital| 12,400| 37,047. 75| 49,447. 75| Total | 42,500| 37,047. 75| 79,547. 75| Percent | 53. 43 %| 46. 57%| 100%| 4. 3 security for loan All of owners have a land which is valued at birr 50,000. This land is pledge as security against the loan. 4. 4 Profit and loss statement Birr Sales of 10,872 products with form table of year one sale 573,188 Less: The cost of one month of Purchasing product x 12 496,773 Labor: birr 350 ? 12 4,200 Overhead: birr 4000 ? 12 48,000 548,973 GROSS PROFIT 24,215 Less: Marketing and administration cost birr 40 ? 12 +54212=480+6504 6,984 OPERATING PROFIT17,231 Less: interest expense 3,705 NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX13,526 For the next three years, the projected income statement appear below Projected income statement (birr) Year| 1| 2| 3| Sales target| 10872| 12171| 13631| Capacity | 76%| 88%| 100%| Sales | 573188| 640632| 719486| Less:| | | | Labor| 4200| 4200| 4200| Overhead| 48000| 48000| 48000| Manufacturing | 52,200| 52200| 52,200| Gross Profit| 24,215| 91,659| 170,513| Less: Mktgamp;Adm cost| 6,984| 6,984| 6,984| Net Profit Before interest and tax| 17,231| 84,675| 163,529| Less: Interest| 3,705| 2,470| 1,235| Net profit before tax| 13,526| 82,205| 162,294| Accumulative Profit | 13,526| 95,731| 258,025| 4. 5 Cash flow statement Projected cash flow statements (Birr) Particulars| Pre-operation period | Year| | | 1| 2| 3| Cash Inflow| | | | | Equity| 42,500| -| -| -| Borrowing | 37,047| -| -| -| Cash sales *| | 573,188| 640,632| 719,486| Total Cash Inflow| 79,547| 573,188| 640,632| 719,486| Cash Outflow| | | | | Pre-operation expense | 450| -| -| -| Purchase of fixed asset| 29,650| -| -| -| Purchasing product| | 496,773| 556,385| 623,151| Direct Labor | -| 4,200| 4,200| 4,200| Factory/operation Overheads **| -| 48,000| 48,000| 48,000| Market expenses | -| 480| 480| 480| Administrative expense **| -| 6,504| 6,504| 6,504| Interest expense| -| 3,705| 2,470| 1,235| Loan amortization| -| 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Total cash outflow| 30,100| 572,011| 630,388| 695,919| Net cash Inflow(outflow)| 49,447| 1,177| 10,244| 23,567| Cash Balance Beginning | -| 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| Cash Balancing Ending | 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| 4. 6 Balance sheet Projected balanced sheet particular| Pre-operating period| Year | | 1| 2| 3| Assets| | | | | Current asset | | | | | Cash| 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| Total current assets | 49,447| 48,270| 58,514| 82,081| Fixed assets | | | | | Building| 11,400| 11,400| 11,400| 11,400| Equipment | 18,250| 18,250| 18,250| 18,250| Net fixed assets | 29,650| 29,650| 29,650| 29,650| Total fixed assets| | | | | Other assets | | | | | Pre-operation expenses | 450| | | | Total assets | 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| Liabilities | | | | | Current liabilities | | | | | Loans payable| -| 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Total current liabilities| | 12,349| 12,349| 12,349| Long term liabilities| | | | | Loan payable| 37,047 | 24,698| 12,349| -| Total long term liabilities| 37,047 | 24,698| 12,349| -| Owners’ equity| | | | | Capital beginning | 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| Accumulated capital| -| 42,500| 42,500| 42,500| Add: net profit after tax| | 13,526| 82,205| 162,294| Total owners’ equity| | 56,026| | | Total liabilities and equity| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 79,547| 4. 7 Loan Repayment schedule The loan of birr will be paid over a 3 year period. The repayment schedule is as follows: Year | Amount principal outstanding | of installment due at 10%| Interest amount | Total | 1| 37,047| 12,349| 3,705| 16,054| 2| 24,698| 12,349| 2,470| 14,819| | 12,349| 12,349| 1,235| 13,584| 4. 8 Break –even Point (BEP) The brake even point can be calculated as follows Birr Annual sales 573,188 -Annual Fixed cost: Owners’ salary birr 5 ? 700= 3500 /month 42,000 Annual interest 3705 Annual factory depreciation ,395 Other overheads 300/month 3,600 Marketing and administrative cost 6,984 58,684 Annual Variable Cost s: Direct labor 350/month 4,200 Purchasing product 496,773 500,973 Annual Sales ? Annual Fixed Cost = BEP (Annual Sales) Annual sales – annual variable Costs 573,188 x 58, 684 ________________________________________________________ 573,188 -500,973 =465,789 BEP (Annual production) 465,789 BEP percentage Annual fixed cost x 100 _______________________________________ Annual sale annual variable cost =BEP (percentage) 58,684 x 100 _________________ 573,188- 500,973 = 81. 26% BEP in annual sales = BEP% x annual sales 81. 26 x 573,188 =465,789 4. 9 Return on Investment (ROI) The ROI for this project is as follows: Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = ________________ x100 Total Capital Requirement 79,547 = 17% ROI is therefore, 17% The return on owner’s investment (RIO) is: Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = __________ x 100 Owners’ investment 42,500 =31. 83% RIO is, therefore, 31. 83%.

The American Story free essay sample

There is no single story of American history, there is no timeline with its own entirety that can be taught. Yet, that’s how history is taught in school: as a single timeline of events all leading up to what the student is left to suppose is the same thing: America, yet each year the journey of how it becomes varies slightly and ends different than it did even the year before, yet each claiming to be the correct history of the same America. This ought not to be: history is indeed ‘slippery’, but there ought not to be a different America, maybe even several different Americas known to each generation of children. Surely there’s a remedy to the different jumbles of facts of famous persons and dates in the past. Maybe history isn’t so much the names and dates and places, but more the stories, the spirit of what is to be learned and understanding who we are. â€Å"All of us children of the twentieth century know, or should know, that there are no absolutes in human affairs, and thus there can be no such thing as perfect objectivity.† (pg. 782) America has always been called a melting pot, a large amalgamation of varied cultures, religions, ideologies, ethnicities and practices, so to believe that there is any one story – or any one way to recount American history is ridiculous. How, with so many voices, so many different experiences and perspectives can we expect for there to be only one voice? How can the history books constantly be updated to tell the â€Å"real† American story, when just a few years prior there was a new book that had it? (pg. 782). If one book does have the complete history of America, how can it be justified when a few years later another book differing enough in content and style to change the spirit and understanding of the facts yet be claiming the same thing as the first? If there is one ri ght timeline, then the timeline should be taught and not tampered with over and over as it has been and observed; and seeing as how the timeline has been tampered with, it leaves only one solution. There is no one, true, correct way to teach history, and there is no single history that should be taught in American history, because America is a melting pot, a melting pot of cultures and ideas and events, trials, sacrifices and victories and everyone has been affected by history differently: different races and various times had different experiences and different trials to overcome. There is no single story. There is no book that could cover it all. The method used now is of no use: as everyone tries to keep up with everyone else, the same facts are repeated differently and leaves the readers in utter confusion with several versions of the same picture, or a picture that is incomplete. Indeed, there is no way to cover in a book the many threads in the story of the past and beginning of America. What’s to be done then? If there’s no book that can cover it all, what of history in schools? What of Christopher Columbus and John Smith and George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, now â€Å"walk-on characters† (pg. 777)? They are not history. History is not people and places and dates. History is us, our legacy, the legacy of our people and nation. It’s the spirit of our stories, and what’s happened to us to lead us to where we are today the â€Å"great unfinished symphony† (â€Å"The World was Wide Enough† Hamilton) of what we’ve done and are doing! History wasn’t written by people, it never was about Washington or Jefferson or Columbus, they didn’t write it. It was written by what they did, what happened, what they dreamed of and fought for and believed in and what came to pass. Never mind that they’re being replaced with Chief Crazy Horse and Jacob Riis (pg. 777), never mind Chief Crazy Horse and Jacob Riis, history is not about them. History is about us, it’s about us as a people, and our stories. It’s about identity: American identity. Identity cannot be taught in a textbook about Daniel Boone or Thaddeus Stevens or riots in the streets and wars for freedom. It isn’t taught through people or pictures or even words: it’s taught through experiences, understanding the experiences and the events of what led up to now. What has led up to the American identity as of now and everything that contributed to it before to make a â€Å"Now†. There is nothing wrong with learning from history books, there is nothing wrong with learning to think like a historian, there is nothing wrong with learning about the pilgrims and the Native Americans and the immigrants of the 1800s or the space age: there is nothing wrong with learning about all of it, but there is something wrong with learning none of it. â€Å"–they not only bring history up to date but make changes – often substantial changes – in the body of the work.† (pg. 782) In â€Å"–the histories of the fifties†¦America was perfect†¦. But now the texts have changed,† â€Å"The history texts now hint at a certain level of unpleasantness in American history.† (pg. 778) I was in 10th or 11th grade before I’d even heard of the Salem Witch trials, I never heard of POW camps and how brutal they were until high school either. Don’t soften the facts, don’t fluff it up, don’t omit it. Yes, Amer ican history has its dark periods, but it’s part of our story, it’s still part of who we are. It is who we are, it is our heritage, what we are living up to, and we have a right to all of it, the good and the bad, the good so we can know where to look for an example, and the bad so we can make it better and leave those dark periods behind. It is our history, and should not be shortened, should not be cut, should not be cheated in any way, we should know it. It is our history, our legacy, our identity, we should know it. Yes, there is something very wrong with America’s history that is taught in schools today. So many facts are missing, so many have changed, names and places that parents don’t recognize are prominent on the pages of their children’s textbooks, and as these names and places change yet again only a few years later, the picture changes and is left empty in places and a new kind of America, as incomplete and different from the first is the one the parents knew. The identity known to one generation and another are no longer the same: this should not be. America’s stories should be told, all of her stories should be told. Not just of one character, not just of the good times, not just of the bad. Not just with the intent to teach students to think like historians, but to bring understanding. History is heritage, it is a legacy, an identity. America is one, or ought to be, and students should be taught to be one. America should be one in spirit, and should be ta ught the spirit of her stories.

There are three different types energy systems tha Essays

There are three different types energy systems that our body uses to attain energy for. These can include various activities however these energy systems are specifically for sports related activities. These systems include our lactic acid system, aerobic system, and our aerobic lactic system. The first energy system, lactic acid uses stored fuel of glycogen to remake ATP. Glycogen being a form of energy storage and ATP energy for muscle contraction, this energy system is very vital in sports that require high intensity. Examples include 400m run, 800m run and running in touch and requires high oxygen consumption to perform properly. The lactic acid system fits perfectly with the touch position middle. This is because they are constantly running at a high intensity. The second energy system Aerobic is a necessary system to have. This is due to its utilization. It provides energy for low activities that time can range from five minutes to hours. This is through Aerobic glycolysis. Aer obic Glycolysis is when glucose which an energy source, transforms into a lactate. This occurs when limited amounts of oxygen are available and the need of oxygen consumption is highly required as it takes a long period of time to overload. Examples of activities that require this energy system are long distance running, long distance walking, and cycling. In touch, there are no positions that this would suit this energy system. This is because touch is a high-intensity sport. This means that you are either lightly jogging or sprinting and this energy system doesn't fit into any those descriptions. The last energy system is the aerobic lactic acid system. This energy system is efficient when producing energy during short, intense activities. The time range can range from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. This is called aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. In anaerobic glycolysis, the glucose (sourced from glycogen in the muscle or glucose in the blood) is turned into lactic acid as it produces ATP. This ATP can be used for a short burst quick of energy. Activities that suit these energy systems include 200m runs, tennis shots and javelin. Touch positions that also suit this are the wings. This is because their roles can involve running long distances at a high intensity. The oxygen consumption that is needed is high but not vital. This is because the main energy source isn't coming from oxygen itself it coming from aerobic glycolysis.

Social Media Essay Research Paper Example

Social Media Essay Research Paper Example Social Media Essay Paper Social Media Essay Paper Essay Topic: Social Media Social media can do wonders for people such as let them communicate with family and friends that are across the oral, be an extremely convenient news outlet, and gives a businesses another place to advertise. This is an extremely short list of opportunities that have come with social media. With this being said, the recent spike of popularity in social media has positively impacted society by enhancing communication, creating a convenient and efficient news outlet, and providing unlimited advertising not only for business, but for you and I too. There are unlimited possibilities when It comes to the Internet and social media demonstrates that. Communication is important in every persons life. Social media has enhanced communication aspect of everyones lives by offering many different services that can help you meet new people, connect with family or friends across the world, or even follow celebrities, pollutants, and athletes in their everyday lives. For example many college and university students move away from home to attend post-secondary and an inexpensive way of seeing their families through video chats or online messengers. People are becoming busier and busier In their lives and sometimes find It hard to search for a significant other. Thanks to inline dating websites and smartened APS, being a busy person does not mean that you are unable to find your significant other. Social media gives celebrities, athletes, politicians, etc. A place to view and communicate with their fan base and share a more personal side of themselves. The enhancement to communication through social media has given mankind a few giant steps in technology. Social media has created a massive news outlet within its lifespan so far. Social media is the fastest way to spread news (Goby) due to how many people use it. However, this Isnt the only reason for news spreading so fast within social media. Websites such as Faceable and twitter (these arent the only ones) allow you to share your own or other second hand news, but the reason for the news being able to be spread so quickly is peoples constant use of social media and the feeling of needing to share it with your friends and followers. Social media has put news In an even more accessible place than newspapers and magazines as nearly everyone has a smartened or laptop within their household, office, or school. Not only has social media been able to keep users up to date with current news but also shows historical news such as the 9/1 1 Incident or Obama becoming the president of the united States. Today It Is Just as easy to scroll through a social media app or website and find 5 news stories as It Is to send a fifteen word text message. Not only is social media an efficient way of getting news, It Is usually ten TLS place Tanat ten news comes tongue. News provokers sun as CNN and TTS have even begun posting small (2-8 minutes) video clips on what they had covered at certain events on their Twitter and Faceable pages. It is social media that allows for such a convenient and efficient news outlet. Social media allows users to create and Join pages that are separate from their profiles based on the users interest. This is especially helpful in the business world as it allows companies and local businesses to advertise at little or no cost at all. By using social media, businesses are able to show their consumers content. Social media is also a place where larger companies tend to reveal new products. For example, Apple first revealed their phone 6 through Twitter. Social media isnt always about the larger or even local companies though. Advertisement is not the only tactic that is valuable to genuineness, feedback is also very important and social media makes it extremely easy to access. This helps tell a business what they are lacking and what and how they can improve through the eyes of a customer. Plenty of larger businesses also have online stores that are advertised through social media as many deals and sales are placed in an online store only category. Faceable is flooded with buy and sell or swap and shop pages created by the community which serve the purpose of individuals being able to buy, sell, swap, and advertise to other users who have also Joined the group. Business and advertising is Just one enhancement of the very many that social media has brought to society. The recent spike of popularity in social media has positively impacted society by enhancing communication, creating a convenient and efficient news outlet, and provided unlimited advertising for not only businesss, but for you and I also. Have a cousin you havent connected with in a while? Try a social media site, they have you covered. Maybe youve became too busy to find a significant other? It shouldnt be hard to find a dating site or even an app on your smartened to help you out.

Analyzing a key business leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing a key business leader - Essay Example Leadership plays a key role in the success of any business and can determine the success or failure of a business venture. Around the world, there are many notable leaders who have managed to steer their companies from small local enterprises to large multinational companies. Richard Branson is one such notable leader. An article entitled The importance of being Richard Branson (Knowledge@Wharton 1-3) reveals that Branson is the founder and owner of the Virgin Group – an empire of 350 companies with ventures in the airline, telecommunication, trains, cosmetic, credit card and several other industries. His empire is worth over 7 billion dollars and it employs over 9,000 people in 28 countries (Morris, par. He has also been recognized as one the 25 most influential leaders in the last 25 years. He is a leader who has mastered the ability to build successful brands and the ability to create a common purpose among his followers. At the core of Branson’s leadership style, is his belief that people, or more specifically his employees, are the foundation of his company success. A Wall Street Journal poll carried out in 2004 reported the following five characteristics as strengths that make a good leader; integrity, ability to get along with others, industriousness, intelligence, business knowledge and education (Ebersohn, 11). Branson’s integrity is perhaps best exemplified by his open and honest attitude to his employees. He believes that it is important that employees are aware at all times about the successes and the problems that the company is going through. He encourages the celebration of company successes and on the other hand also encourages his employees to suggest solutions and innovation to grow the company and solve any problems the company might be going through. Branson is known as a hard worker. His industriousness nature is often described as workaholic. His intelligence is manifested in his ability to identify good business

Chaucer writes a 'feminine kind of romance' ( Burrow). Discuss with Essay

Chaucer writes a 'feminine kind of romance' ( Burrow). Discuss with reference to 3 canterbury tales - Essay Example n the battles and events of the past, such as the battles of Troy, the conquests of Alexander the Great or the chivalric traditions rising out of the Arthurian legend. Among these stories, the primary focus was typically placed upon the action of the story, the battles and the skirmishes that occurred between characters, and the aftermath of such behavior, such as the winning of the lady, the acquisition of worldly fame or the re-enforcement of nobility. However, not all stories followed this basic formula, especially as the written tradition began to grow through the 14th century. As writers began to experiment with various means of recording the stories that had been passed down through the oral tradition as well as working to develop stories of their own, new modes of expression began to emerge. For example, Colin Burrow assertively states that Chaucer wrote a feminine kind of romance. What is a feminine kind of romance and how does this apply to Chaucer? To answer these questions , the following paper will first define the characteristics of the kind of ‘feminine’ romance Burrow was discussing and then analyze three of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales – the Wife of Bath, the Prioress and the Knight’s Tale – to determine whether this description applies. The concept of the feminine romance has a great deal to do with the underlying structural format of the novel, particularly as it relates to the issues surrounding gender and the differences between the various ways in which the genders relate to others. For example, studies continue to show even today that women place greater emphasis upon the concept of relationships while men place more emphasis upon action.2 It should not be surprising, therefore, to discover that feminine romances, as such, are primarily concerned with the relationships of characters rather than the actions they undertake. This includes a certain focus upon the emotional lives of the characters as opposed to their physical

Sales and Operational Planning in Supply Chain Management Research Paper

Sales and Operational Planning in Supply Chain Management - Research Paper Example This is a scenario that may be inevitable for Stone Horse Supply Company. There is even the possibility of legal challenges as to which business ventured into a particular market first in order to provide a service. If the company expanded or grew its portfolio it could be taken as an entry into a field or market where they are not supposed to be in. Despite this, it is highly recommended that the company’s sales and operational planning transcends its boundaries. The only thing it has to do is to balance the fact that it is a commercial enterprise with the usual commercial pressures, and its current relationships are very crucial (Jacobs, 2011). As a result of this, there is a need to be continuously aware of points and blends of likely conflict. In short, Stone Horse Supply Company only has to know when and how it should expand and offer its services, products and skills. Sales and operational planning is composed of and stretch across many boundaries (Weele, 2010). In order to effectively manage it, managers, policy makers of Stone Horse Supply Company need to understand their different reaches and the organizational implications underlying these reaches or boundaries. The company needs to carry out a clear definition of its boundaries as an initial step in managing its sales and operational planning and identifying its spheres of concern, influence, control and constraints. A lot of boundaries exist and can be determined. Each and every boundary can be presented through many layers of analysis. Sales and operational planning that transcends the company’s boundaries is known to be very responsive to the demands of customers and also has the capacity and capability to quickly match and keep up with demand through mass customization or postponement (Crandall, 2010). As a result of this, it is very agile (especially at the downstream end) in terms of responding to customer demands. By building and managing a sales and

Shifting Identity of an International Student

Shifting Identity of an International Student Over the last two decades the immigration for study by long-term migrants grew from 40,000 in 1990s to 192,000 in 2015 (Population Briefing International student migration What do the statistics tell us? January 2016). This paper aims to examine the reasons behind the students decision to immigrate for higher education, the challenges and issues they might encounter, as well as how having to live far away from home, in a different country, facing a whole new culture and new mentalities ultimately shapes their own personality. Immigration provides the immigrant with a new start in life and more growth opportunities than were previously available. The reasons behind this decision are complex, and differ from student to student, but what all of them have in common is the idea of a brighter future, of more opportunities and the chance to a better life than they would have in their country of origin. As it emerges from my interview, the participants decision to move to England was taken based mostly on the fact that the level of education in universities in England is higher than the one in her country of origin, Egypt, offering a broader diversity of courses and more career options and opportunities. Also, other factors that counted for this decision were the political affairs in Egypt, the revolution, and the fact that her country was not very stable at that moment in time. But apart from its benefits, there are many complex challenges associated with immigration, most of them regarding the assimilation into life in the host country. Migrants, almost by definition, move with the future in mind, but their journeys inevitably involve taking their past with them. Immigration is not only about changing countries, but also about shifting identities, known as the phenomenon of hybrid identity formation. They develop their personal identity as they face conflicting ethnic, personal and national identity options. They deal with both host and origin social constructs, contradicting expectations, traditions and norms during the process of individual identity formation. This phenomenon can be observed in the respondents answers as well. She identifies with some ideals of the British culture, but she feels that she does not belong here. She finds British people too free and uncensored in their thoughts and actions and sometimes even offensive. There is also a great discrepancy between the way in which women are treated. While in England girls are allowed to dress as they want, smoke, attend parties, or walk alone at night feeling safe, and without being judge, in Egypt people have clear, strict standards when it comes to girls clothing and behaviour, and if these are not respected people would stare and judge. Moreover, she faced a significant contrast regarding peoples religious beliefs and practices, as well as the level of religiosity. This affected her life on many levels. Things considered very bad, or even sin in her culture, are seen as normal in England and more, people would consider her weird and treat her differently if she would not take part in those activities or behave as they do. This is why she feels a constant pressure from the contradicting expectations people from the two countries she now belongs to have from her. Thus, migrant students can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning con cerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. The shift in migrant students personalities and formation of a dual identity can be observed as well very clearly in the evolution of their home friendships in contrast with the new relationships built in the host country. While they adapt to the new environment, their attitude and views inevitably change and so, their home friends will start facing difficulties in understanding their new ideas and acts. Meanwhile, their new friends from the host country will never be able to fully comprehend their distinctive character, as they do not understand the international students past, including the mentality and culture in which they were born and raised. This is further supported by the persistent finding in the research on international education that for many international students, a major disappointment is their failure to establish meaningful local friendships. Therefore, the migrants start developing feelings of alienation and isolation because neither friends can relate to them com pletely. As my interviewee admitted, she cannot be entirely honest with either of her friends because there are things only the ones from here would understand, and other things only the ones from Egypt would. However, the crucial characteristic, defining people with hybrid identities is the fact, that home is neither represented by their country of origin, nor by their host country. The migrant rather feels affiliated to both places, with both cultures, phenomenon called by sociologists bilocalism. The international students develop familial affiliations, relationships, cultural and material roots in two countries; they identify themselves with two place at the same time. The German-Turkish poet Zehra ÇÄÂ ±rak depicts this fact by using the metaphor of a bridge: the two ends of it symbolize two different cultures. People presenting hybrid identities walk on this bridge freely, from one culture to another. At some points of life one culture might be dominant, later on the other one. Nevertheless, essential for hybrid identities is the permanent presence of both cultures, no matter to which extent. This idea is further supported by Glick Schiller and her colleagues, who argue that nowadays migrants lives cut across national boundaries and bring two societies into a single social field. As my respondent admitted, she often faces contradictory feelings regarding her migration in England. On the one side, she misses home and everything that is related to it, feeling that she does not really belong in UK, but on the other side, there are things in her host country that she got attached to, that make her happy and without which she would not imagine her life now. Many international students might face difficulties in accommodating to the new environment and more importantly in trying to be academically successful in this new environment. However, studies have shown that they are conspicuously better motivated, focused and more aware of the benefits of higher education because they know the sacrifices they had to make in order to get where they are and the struggles they faced in adapting in the host country, so they appreciate more what they have and try to give their best in order to make these efforts worth it. These findings are consistent with my interview research. The respondent declared that she often feels unaccomplished and pressured to work hard and be persistent until she achieves what she wants because she had to leave everything behind in order to come here, and does not want these sacrifices to be in vain. But sometimes she is not as motivated to study and work as she usually is, or as she thinks she should be because she feels isolated, alone, away from home and family, further developing a guilty conscience during these moments. Moreover, migrants can usually experience alienation of the culture of origin and the loss of meaning concerning traditional values and norms, or they might feel an exclusion from the host majority society. From my interviewees experience, she considers that in general British people are colder and more interested in sticking together, than getting to know the international students. Moreover, she does not really like the life here as she considers that moving to UK does not help her accomplish what she really wants. She feels pressured by her identity to learn more about her culture and not being able to do so here bothers her. She could not say if she would change her decision to come to England if she could go back in time. What makes her happy here is what she studies and the friendships she has built so far and she is aware of the fact that she would not be able to continue her studies somewhere else, or leave her friends behind.

Greek Sports :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Greek Sports Ancient boxing had fewer rules than the modern sport. Boxers fought without rounds until one man was knocked out, or admitted he had been beaten. Unlike the modern sport, there was no rule against hitting an opponent when he was down. There were no weight classes within the mens' and boys' divisions opponents for a match were chosen randomly. There were both 2-horse chariot and 4-horse chariot races, with separate races for chariots drawn by foals. Another race was between carts drawn by a team of 2 mules. The course was 12 laps around the stadium track (9 miles). The course was 6 laps around the track (4.5 miles), and there were separate races for full-grown horses and foals. Jockeys rode without stirrups. The ancient Greeks considered the rhythm and precision of an athlete throwing the discus as important as his strength.Only wealthy people could afford to pay for the training, equipment, and feed of both the driver (or jockey) and the horses. As a result, the owner received the olive wreath of victory instead of the driver or jockey. This event was a grueling combination of boxing and wrestling. Punches were allowed, although the fighters did not wrap their hands with the boxing himantes. Rules outlawed only biting and gouging an opponent's eyes, nose, or mouth with fingernails. Attacks such as kicking an opponent in the belly, which are against the rules in modern sports, were perfectly legal. The ancient Greeks considered the rhythm and precision of an athlete throwing the discus as important as his strength. The discus was made of stone, iron, bronze, or lead, and was shaped like a flying saucer. Sizes varied, since the boys' division was not expected to throw the same weight as the mens'. The javelin was a man-high length of wood, with either a sharpened end or an attached metal point. It had a thong for a hurler's fingers attached to its center of gravity, which increased the precision and distance of a javelin's flight. Athletes used lead or stone jump weights (halteres) shaped like telephone receivers to increase the length of their jump. The halteres were held in front of the athlete during his ascent, and forcibly thrust behind his back and dropped during his descent to help propel his body further. There were 4 types of races at Olympia. The stadion was the oldest event of the Games.

Management Product and Service Design Essay

Enchanted Kingdom is a theme park in the Philippines. It is located in Santa Rosa City, Laguna, operated by Enchanted Kingdom Inc. (formerly named Amtrust Leisure Corporation). Like any other amusement park, it got numerous attractions and rides that serve the best interest of people of any ages especially children. In the point of view of operations management, as a whole, Enchanted Kingdom is designed to cater ingeniously each guests fancy and offers a total enjoyment for everyone. With their catchy phrase, â€Å"Where the magic begins†¦Ã¢â‚¬  they should provide customers an overall satisfaction with all the products and services they offer and still come up with innovative ideas to keep people especially in the nearing cities to come and go with a fulfilled experience of magic, how far would they render to make people’s imagination as realistic as they can be? I. Product and Service Design Positive From entrance to exit, the place is very exquisite. Customers find themselves astonished with sight of infrastructures built; we all know that the scenic atmosphere endows what Enchanted Kingdom is all about. It is designed in such a way that would cater all ages. They put up rides and fun-filled activities such as arcade, band appearances, games, souvenirs, mascot parade, street dancers, evening fireworks and a lot more. As years passed by, they keep on adding new rides and attractions such as Xtreme Paintball, Kart racing, Triassic Laser Tag, 4D Discovery Theater, Exodus the Ride (All-terrain vehicle Adventure Trail), Lake Spa (foot, back massages), Space Shuttle Max, and SRRX (Haunted attraction). They also started seasonal attraction such as the Biki Waterworld during summer. Their ticket promo is also something people are watching out. They have a variety of ticket rates depending on age and season. They also have discounts for students and residents of Sta. Rosa, and every sem breaks they offer â€Å"barkada† discounts or packages to their target college students. Negative Bringing of food and drinks inside the park is strictly prohibited. Customers are then induced to buy monopolized and expensive food and drinks inside, otherwise they still need to go out the park. Tickets are not so affordable. Their souvenir products are too expensive. There is no place or specific spot, where people could rest when they got tired, only benches sparse at the park. II. Capacity Positive EK has really the capacity to conduct business like this. With 17 hectares of land area, they could really accommodate a large number of people and put all the park zones, shop and food outlets, kiddy rides, adventurous and extreme rides for adults and other attractions together. They have rides that give so much fun and excitement to customers. Their staff and crew are skilled, well trained and do excellent jobs. Their operations hours are enough to most customers to fully enjoy and explore the whole magical place. Negative Although they could cater to large number of people, there are really times especially during special occasions when the whole park is full of visitors or tourists. These create long lines in different rides creating disturbances to the enjoyment of their customers. III. Service Process Positive Buying of entrance tickets is easy. They could choose between limited tickets or ride-all-you-can tickets. Also, EK provides necessary precautions and made the theme park as accessible as it can be such as brochures so you might not get lost. There are staffs all over the theme park for immediate concerns, and accessible customer service office. Negative If there were too many people, it would take 30 minutes to 1 hour before you can take a ride because of long lines of people. The hardest and most tiring part is that you’re standing while you are waiting for your turn. Too much-crowded amusement park makes customers not to ultimately enjoy their trip and be dissatisfied. IV. Facility Layout Positive The age appropriateness and other requirements for efficiency of their facilities are viewed largely as one of the best features of Enchanted Kingdom. They have it all! From land, wind, water, digital and to sports! They offer a variety of fun. The layout was designed in such a way that it is sparse out probably because they want their customers not only to be condensed to one side of EK but also to go all around and see all the other landmarks they constructed. Their rides are distributed according to different themes such as Spaceport, Portabello, Brooklyn Place, Victoria Park, Boulderville, Midway Boardwalk, and Jungle Outpost. The Boulderville is where most rides for kids could be found. Negative Sparse layout could be tiring for some customers. Walking too many steps is tiring and a little bit exhausting to those older people. The adult rides like space shuttle and anchors away would take about five (5) minutes of average walking in between. V. Location Positive Going to Enchanted Kingdom comes handy with private vehicles especially those coming from Manila for it is located near the South Luzon Expressway Exit. It is also isolated from other landmarks such as factories that could ruin the stunning ambience of EK. Its location is also near from exclusive subdivisions that could give them rich customers. Negative The location of EK would most likely be very inconvenient for public commuters. Since it is far from the national road, it is hard for them to locate it. Also, the trip from the national road is prone to heavy traffic. Finally, people who opt to eat outside of EK due to its expensive food and drinks would cost them about 10-15 minutes and additional transportation costs because of its isolated location. VI. Quality Positive Well, every business tries to serve their function well. For some, it is affordable with all of its accommodations. Enchanted Kingdom is the biggest theme park we have here in the Philippines. This is probably the closest to having our very own Disneyland. They provide better quality of rides and scenery compare to others. They are a member of International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions which can assure us that Enchanted Kingdom follows extreme quality standards and measures similar to other amusement parks in the world. Negative The â€Å"newness† factor is somehow missing in Enchanted Kingdom nowadays. When you frequently visit EK, you would probably ask for new major rides. There are added attractions but they are lacking of building new major rides. The most exciting and challenging rides of EK would probably be still Anchors Away and Space Shuttle which is now Space Shuttle Max – not like Star City who has now the â€Å"Star Flyer†. Also there are rides which are not well maintained particularly their Grand Carousel. The issue of safety assurance also comes into the picture when the Space Shuttle, one of their major attractions, hung in mid-air twice. Recently was in the year 2007. VII. Recommendations for Improvement For improvements, we are not saying that this isn’t a good place to go to for a fun day, but Enchanted Kingdom will need more than a few rides to impress everyone. First off, there aren’t enough rides to accommodate a huge number of people, during peak seasons. You will always end up waiting in line under the blazing sun for an hour or so, only to come out a minute later disappointed that it wasn’t as thrilling as they had advertised. Then the food is too expensive, and you can’t bring your own food – not even a bottle of water. Now that would have been fine if the food inside Enchanted Kingdom’s food court tastes decent, but sometimes even the bottle of water isn’t cold. . There is a small cafe outside; but it doesn’t serve anything worth eating. The bathrooms though clean and well kept had a bad odor and stained tiles. Enchanted Kingdom needs a renovation too, and they need to do it fast before one of their rides collapse. And for 500 pesos entrance fee, they should at least make it a point to upgrade some of their rides and add more chairs and benches for the people. Maybe they could also plant more trees, as the heat can get to you especially during summer. Continuous improvement means total quality management. They should invest more on TQM for this will generate more revenues to their company. If they have TQM, people will not question anymore their entrance fees as to be so expensive. More people would be satisfied and be converted to long-term customers. Most importantly, this would provide safety assurance for all valued customers. Lastly, we support the continuation of their proposed plans of creating Enchanted Kingdom General Santos, Enchanted Kingdom Davao, Andromeda City (Iloilo), Mars World (Cebu), and Planet Enchanted (Batangas City). These proposed projects will make EK accessible not only to people living in Luzon area but also to other parts of the country as well. A project that will boost up economic growth by attracting more tourists and creating more jobs for those unemployed.

Free Essays on Comparing Oedipus And Death Of A Salesman

Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and Sophocles’s â€Å"Oedipus Rex† coincide in that they both are tragedies, the former being a modern tragedy, specifically set in twentieth-century America; meanwhile, the latter is much older, of ancient Greek origin. Despite the extensive time frame between the two plays, in creation and in setting, as well as the different societies to which they pertain, both works remain true to the genre of tragedy; thus, the two pieces can suitably be placed side by side and compared to one another. Willy Loman is the central character in â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† and Oedipus is his counterpart in â€Å"Oedipus Rex.† Both Willy Loman and Oedipus have characteristics in common, like the fact that they are both blind to reality; yet both remain distinct in their own ways, and it is precisely these differences, such as their honour, what draws the line of distinction between Oedipus being a hero and Willy Lom an being an anti-hero. Both Willy Loman and Oedipus suffer from a major flaw in their character, which is the primary factor in drawing the course of their respective fates. This flaw is blindness to reality. Willy Loman is incapable of discerning what is real from what is not. His paramount obsession with the American dream, which he has not achieved at his 60 years of age and will never achieve, causes him to seek solace in past memories while living in the present. This becomes evident by his flashbacks, like the one he experiences when Willy and Charley are playing cards and Willy begins to speak out loud referring to Charley as Ben, Willy’s brother: WILLY. I’m getting awfully tired, Ben. CHARLEY. Good, keep playing; you’ll sleep better. Did you call me Ben? WILLY. That’s funny. For a second there you reminded me of my brother Ben. (Miller 1718) Willy is unable to perceive the harshness that surrounds his situation, not unlike Oedipus, who is blindfolded by t... Free Essays on Comparing Oedipus And Death Of A Salesman Free Essays on Comparing Oedipus And Death Of A Salesman Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and Sophocles’s â€Å"Oedipus Rex† coincide in that they both are tragedies, the former being a modern tragedy, specifically set in twentieth-century America; meanwhile, the latter is much older, of ancient Greek origin. Despite the extensive time frame between the two plays, in creation and in setting, as well as the different societies to which they pertain, both works remain true to the genre of tragedy; thus, the two pieces can suitably be placed side by side and compared to one another. Willy Loman is the central character in â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† and Oedipus is his counterpart in â€Å"Oedipus Rex.† Both Willy Loman and Oedipus have characteristics in common, like the fact that they are both blind to reality; yet both remain distinct in their own ways, and it is precisely these differences, such as their honour, what draws the line of distinction between Oedipus being a hero and Willy Lom an being an anti-hero. Both Willy Loman and Oedipus suffer from a major flaw in their character, which is the primary factor in drawing the course of their respective fates. This flaw is blindness to reality. Willy Loman is incapable of discerning what is real from what is not. His paramount obsession with the American dream, which he has not achieved at his 60 years of age and will never achieve, causes him to seek solace in past memories while living in the present. This becomes evident by his flashbacks, like the one he experiences when Willy and Charley are playing cards and Willy begins to speak out loud referring to Charley as Ben, Willy’s brother: WILLY. I’m getting awfully tired, Ben. CHARLEY. Good, keep playing; you’ll sleep better. Did you call me Ben? WILLY. That’s funny. For a second there you reminded me of my brother Ben. (Miller 1718) Willy is unable to perceive the harshness that surrounds his situation, not unlike Oedipus, who is blindfolded by t...

Love in Twelfth Night essays

Love in Twelfth Night essays Love is generally something sudden and irresistible, it is extremely difficult to get rid of. People seem to suffer from love, or at least people claim to suffer. Despite Twelfth Nights comic plot, Shakespeare paints the ambiguous picture of romance and infatuation in the play. It is a story of the madness of love, it can as well be viewed as an essential celebration of romantic love. Most characters in the play are involved in love in varying degrees. Throughout the play, many forms of love are portrayed. The first form of love explored is romantic love. Duke Orsino is seriously in love with love. At the beginning of the play, Orsino says, If music be the food of love, play on (Act1 Scn1 L1), he is hungry for love so bad. But actually Orsinos love is a false love, since he is satisfied by the idea of being in love, he is only in love with love itself and he doesnt know what true love is. The second form of love portrayed is the love at first sight. O, when mine eyes did see Olivia first, Methought she purged the air of pestilence! ... (Act 1 Scn 1 L17-22), says Duke Orsino. As soon as the Duke saw the beautiful Lady Olivia, Orsino is lovesick for her and she has become the passion of his life. There is another example of love at first sight in the play, which is performed by Olivia, who is in love with Cesario. However, Cesario is in fact a woman, Viola, who disguised herself as a young man and becomes a page to the Duke, makes both Olivia and Orsino misunderstand. Once Olivia see Cesario, who comes to her to carry love messages from Orsino, she is in love with the fake image of Cesario. As Olivia does not know the genuine identity of Cesario, Olivias love is as well a false love. The third form of love portrayed is secret love. Secret love obviously means the love that cannot be exposed to the public. Viola loves Orsino secretly; Orsino loves Olivia secre ...

Policy Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example Following the implementation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lifetime blood donor deferral policy (1983) that required all homosexual men who had engaged in sex with a male partner since 1977 not to donate blood, San Jose State University’s president decided to suspend all blood drives that were ongoing at the campus and also those held outside the campus by the official student organizations and those held by employees representing the organization. the blood drive ban came as a result of investigations that had been conducted at the campus following issues of the fairness of the university policy introduced by one of the university’s employees to the campus Office for Equal Rights. The president’s reasoning was that aligning the university’s blood drive policy with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lifetime blood donor deferral policy violated the non-discriminatory policy enacted by the university because it denied homosexuals a chance to donate blood like other students. San Jose State University is a public institution in the policy making process. As such, it plays a key role in society (Verschuere, 2009). The blood drive ban was followed by nationwide reactions immediately. Major media outlets all over the country ran it in their news after picking the story from Associated Press. The blood drive policy received support and criticism from various quarters in the country. Many students and university employees positively commended on the university’s move. A section from the outside community also expressed its satisfaction with the policy stating that it would serve as the beginning point to ensure that discrimination of homosexuals is discouraged in matters such as this. The university and its president also received criticisms following the implementation of the blood drive ban policy. Some students, blood-collecting organizations and a section of the outside community

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Arabic Culture - Essay Example The cultural identities of individuals are strong elements that considerably influence their ideologies and general mode of behaviour. The cultural paradigms of social structure become critical aspects of national identities and therefore important issue within state. Thus, media, especially the role of television in defining the cultures of Arab world and American society is important facet in the contemporary times. There is vast difference in the television programs of Arabs and America. While television is a popular media in the Arab world, the programs of the televisions are focused on the family lives and promote the Arab culture. They highlight obedience amongst children and emphasize the importance of religion within the society, showcasing family values and religious beliefs for leading a model life. The conservative values of Arab societies with parental control over children are vastly different to that of American television programs. American culture promotes individualism and highlights the independent views of the individuals. The American television programs also showcase the American liberal views vis-Ã  -vis personal views on all issues including sex, sports, fashion, religion etc. The liberal view of American society was not approved by the conservative muslin society of the Arab world. Hence, government control over foreign TV channels was applied in the Arab nations till a f ew years back. But in the recent times, the globalization has brought in new changes within the media and made foreign television channels like MTV popular amongst the youth in Arab. The American music channel in the Arab nations has introduced popular pop culture within the native music which has become instant hit with the young. Most importantly Arab television programs in the Middle Eastern societies are promoting democratic values and freedom of press. Al Jazeera is prime example of TV channel that brings forth critical issues of society and also that of

Module 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 1 SLP - Essay Example The nominal value of the company’s shares is $ 0.001 but with the immense growth displayed the company over decades the company’s share price has grown significantly and it is presently $97.06 (as of June 2, 2014) Following is the trend of the share price observed on the day of recording the company’s share price. Above figures prove that the company has been growing each year. Hershey has not just improved its figures but it has excelled in its operational efficiency as well; in 2010, the ratio of income to sales was 8.9% against 2013 when the ratio value was 11.50%. Price/Book ratio indicates high anticipations by the market related to the company performance. The high return on assets of 16.68% is accompanies by high return on equity of 59.75%. Theses return ratios indicate that the company has successfully executed the strategy of gaining high returns. This makes it more attractive for public offering because high returns are more attractive for investors. Such high return rates are supported by underlying efficient operating and profit ratios of 19.06% and 11.56%. The difference between operating and profit indicates that company has fewer overhead/administrative costs, which are only because of its cost minimization techniques. As per Hershey’s annual report, the company is simultaneously investing in more than five countries on research and development for the betterment of its production processes so that the quality and costs could be improved. In addition to this, the company has decent market share despite huge competitors in th e market. As discussed above, Hershey is an advancing company, which is sustaining against tough competition in the market. In spite of the growth over the period of the years, it has still not become the market leader. It only has market capitalization of 21%. If more funds are injected into the company, Hershey will definitely gain more

Marketing Packaging and Labeling Essay Example for Free

Marketing Packaging and Labeling Essay Packaging and Labeling What you’ll learn . . . †¢ The principal functions of product packaging †¢ The main functions of labels Packaging †¢ The physical container or wrapping for a product. Functions of Packaging †¢ Promoting and Selling the Product Functions of Packaging †¢ Defining Product Identity – invokes prestige, convenience, or status Functions of Packaging †¢ Provides Information – UPC symbols, contents, guarantees, nutritional value, potential hazards Functions of Packaging †¢ Meeting Customer Needs – various sizes, snack kits, etc. Functions of Packaging †¢ Ensuring Safe Use – plastic instead of glass, tamperresistant packaging, blisterpacks, childproof containers To read about the Tylenol murders in 1982, and the resulting invention of the tamperproof package, click on the Tylenol box above. Functions of Packaging †¢ Protecting the Product – during shipping, storage, and display. Protects food from spoilage. Helps prevent shoplifting Contemporary Packaging Issues †¢ Aseptic Packaging – Incorporates a technology that keeps foods fresh without refrigeration for extended periods Contemporary Packaging Issues †¢ Environmental Packaging – reusable, recyclable, less wasteful, and safer for the environment Contemporary Packaging Issues †¢ Cause Packaging – to promote non-product issues such as social and political causes Ex: Body Shop, Ben Jerry’s Click on the ice cream carton to learn about cause packaging at Ben and Jerry’s Labeling †¢ A label is an information tag, wrapper, seal, or imprinted message attached to a product A labels main function is to inform about contents and give directions Brand Label – gives the brand name, etc. Descriptive Label †¢ Information about product use, care, other features Grade Label †¢ States the quality – AA, A, B Labeling Laws †¢ Many package labels must meet local, state, and federal standards †¢ FDA – Federal Food and Drug Administration – requires nutritional info, regulates health claims and defines descriptive terms such as â€Å"light,† â€Å"free,† â€Å"low,† and â€Å"reduced† to make them consistent on all products †¢ FTC – Federal Trade Commission – monitors for deceptive advertising that is false or misleading, including guidelines for environmental claims like â€Å"recycled† or â€Å"biodegradable.†

A Comparison of Beloved and Don Quixote Essay example -- comparison co

On reading Beloved by Toni Morrison and Don Quixote by Kathy Acker, there seem to be quite a few similarities in themes and characters contained in these texts, the most prevalent of which seems to be of love and language as a path to freedom. We see in Acker’s Don Quixote the abortion she must have before she embarks on a quest for true freedom, which is to love. Similarly, in Morrison’s Beloved, there is a kind abortion, the killing of Beloved by Sethe, which results in and from the freedom that real love provides. And in both texts, the characters are looking for answers and solutions in these "word-shapes" called language. In Acker’s Don Quixote, the abortion with which the novel opens is a precondition for surrendering the "constructed self." For Acker, the woman in position on the abortion table over whom a team of doctors and nurses work represents, in an ultimate sense, woman as a constructed object. The only hope is somehow to take control, to subvert the constructed identity on order to name oneself: "She had to name herself. When a doctor sticks a steel catheter into you while you’re lying on your back and you to; finally, blessedly, you let go of your mind. Letting go of your mind is dying. She needed a new life. She had to be named" (Don Quixote 9-10). And she must name herself for a man – become a man – before the nobility and the dangers of her ordeals will be esteemed. She is to be a knight on a noble quest to love "someone other than herself" and thus to right all wrongs and to be truly free. In another of Acker’s works she writes: "Having an abortion was obviously just like getting fucked. If we closed our eyes and spread our legs, we’d be taken care of. They stripped us of our clothes. Gave us white sheets... ... the end of the text by a community getting in touch with a "language of their own," while Acker’s protagonist is subverting texts to find or create something this "primal." Don Quixote is far more easily paired with the ghost of Beloved. They both are searching for a language they can use and understand and know with the "word-shapes" that they are given. They are both on quests to find love and freedom that are not a product of "slavery." They both are in search of a name, an identity, that is not a product of an "abortion." They are both childlike yet adult, trying to understand. And neither of them are asking for, or offering, forgiveness. Works Cited: Cervantes, Miguel De. Don Quixote. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. WW Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992. Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York, Penguin Books USA Inc, 1988.

Prison Food Chain

Michella Abel ANTH4113-001 10/16/12 Professor Dowell & Hirschfeld Capstone Anthropology Prison Food Chain The United States has had reform after reform of their prison systems in an attempt to better them and in hopes of making them not only a punishment, but a rehabilitating system. The prisons of today are not what these reforms hoped to achieve, they are over populated, dangerous, and under-funded. Gangs have taken over the positions that wardens are supposed to fill and they rule by survival of the fittest or at least survival of the better connections.In order to achieve the reforms’ goals, data collected from ethnographic and statistical studies must be put to better use. Prison gangs have become a huge contributing factor to the overcrowding within the prisons due to its positive correlation to repeat offending and high recruitment efforts. The word Penitentiary comes from the Greek word that means to be penitent. The reality of what it is like to be in a prison may not be what most people believe it to be. There are different levels in the prison system that offenders, pending on their crime and record, will be assigned to. Marchese,45) Super-max Prisons are for the worst of the worst offenders. Maximum security houses a variety of violent offenders. Minimum security and halfway houses restrict the comings and goings of the lowest menace threat in the system and help to make an offender ready to rejoin the outside world. The prison society is based upon a set of social rules and boundaries built and based upon respect and fear. Each kind of prisoner has a different way of obtaining this respect and attempting to claim the prison food chain.A prisoner that was transferred would need to fight another prisoner to establish his place among the hierarchy. Prisons are a society unto themselves and outsiders are not welcome as scientists and journalist have discovered. (Fleisher,1989) To be a prisoner and be at the top of the hierarchy has multiple mean ing for that individual, how he got there and how he keeps that position varies from one inmate to the next. Every inmate at the top of the food chain in the prison system has his or her own story as to how they got where they are, and how long it took them to get there, but he common thread is their gang connections and affixations. The top of the hierarchical system however are the guards. The guards are one of the prisoners’ only interactions with the outside world that is guaranteed and occurs on a regular basis. The Stanford Experiment in (1971) showed how guards and prisoners interact on the bases of who has the authority and who doesn’t. Stanford students played the role of guards and some as prisoners. It didn’t take long before the students started to really believe they were guards or prisoners.The student guards became more forceful in their commands, and showed less respect for the students that were prisoners. The student prisoners showed more compl iance for the guards and submissive, even thou they were just role playing. The experiment was forced to release all of the participants after the students playing the role of the prisoners started to riot and entrench themselves within the cells. Their ability to separate reality from their roles was so greatly diminished they actually started attacking each other.There are theories that this diminishing started when they were all very publically arrested for show, but to them it felt very real. (Zimbardo) Fleisher attempted to study the prison society by becoming a guard at a prison, but soon discovered that even he could not separate himself from the role of a guard, â€Å"I began to think of myself as a correctional worker†¦ I was becoming lost†¦ What hacks did was right what convicts did was wrong†. (Fleischer,1989,112) There are federal cases in which inmates claim that guards either go to far to prevent gang activity or don’t do anything at all to prot ect them.Babock vs. White and Doe vvs. Welborn are both 8th amendment violation cases in which the guard knowingly put an inmate in harm’s way with a gang, but with the overpopulation some do not have an option of where an inmate is housed despite the danger. (Eckhart,61) A prison guard is not a police officer and cannot arrest anyone. They are babysitters for some of the most dangerous people in the world. Prisoners can and do hurt or even kill guards every year; however, there have been documented cases of guards beating and killing prisoners who attack guards.If an inmate gets away with something like killing or attacking a fellow inmate, it was because one or more of the guards protected him. Inmates cannot be prosecuted if the guards do not speak up and turn in the inmate committing the acts. That is a system that gives the guards a great deal of power over the men in their custody. (Marchese,1) Someone looking at a penitentiary from the outside couldn’t ever imag ine the set of circumstances that an inmate faces the moment they step foot behind the gates. The single biggest threat to a new inmate is the gang affiliation and if the guards recognize you as gang member.Gangs are stronger in the prison systems than anywhere on earth. They can quickly tell a new inmate from a repeat by talking to you for a few minutes and by the confidence level the inmate portrays. Then the recruitment begins. If the new inmate wasn’t part of a gang on the outside, he is very vulnerable and has to make some fast decisions. He can attempt to remain gang free, which is very dangerous since that means you have no one looking out for you, or you have to join a gang and they choose you, you don’t choose them. (National Geogrpahic,2007) Race is the gang of choose in prison.Whites stick together and blacks with blacks and so on. Most sections of the prisons facilities are divided up into the race sections for each race. Whites use these three showers and these three stales and so on. White, African American, Mexican, and Other (Native American or Asian) are the more commonly used terms when prisoners are dividing the prison into race. If you get rejected from that gang you will not be allowed to join any other white gang, and a prisoner without a gang is typically beaten, raped, or killed by the enemies you acquired while in the gangs.If you fail to join a gang from the start you are more likely to be in danger from your own race. Mostly because they have asked you to join their gang and you have refused. When you have so many dangers threatening you every day of what is now your life, joining a race gang and fighting becomes the only way to stay alive in the current prison system. Think about who is in prison. Most inmates are killers and rapist and burglars already, so the things that go on in prison isn’t new to them, but the ones that are in prison for something non-violent have to share the same space as those who have c ommitted murder and rape.Inmates who are not violent are targets for the life term inmates just because they want to have the power over someone, just as the guards have power over all inmates. The control issues don’t stop there. To be in the gang you have to prove yourself to be worthy to be in the gang. Most acts of worth involve you beating someone up, and sometimes killing someone who has disrespected the gang recently. You can move up in the ranks very quickly in the prison gang hierarchy pending on the nature of your sentence. Lifers† are known as inmates that will never see the outside world again, meaning they will die in the prison system. They know that a â€Å"lifer† is more likely to kill, then someone who has only a few years to serve. â€Å"Lifers† become some of the most powerful people in the prison hierarchies because they are more willing to kill you because they will never see freedom anyway. (Yost,2010) Incidentally women prisons do no t necessarily work the same as men. Many do have gang ties outside of prison, the same gangs as the men, but the connections that make while in prison are tighter than the gangs.They set up family like groups and the longer term inmates adopt children and watch out for them. They do have to follow their gang rules while in prison. If fellow gang member is attacked or disrespected you better do something about it. (Yost,2010) The guards will automatically segregate gang members from the general population in small prisons, but the larger prisons are overcrowded and do not have space available to segregate them all. They have everyone from drug addicts with no violent recorded to murder’s and rapist in the same common areas and cells.Guards in the super-max facilities automatically place gang members in the SHU or Security Housing Unit. The super-max facilities are where known gang members and violent inmates are sent because they have been deemed too large of a security threat to be housed in minimum security prisons. The guards will take the tiniest connection of gang affiliation and run with it. (Tachiki,1118) However, these super-max and segregation cells are not doing the job that are meant to do. The leaders of these gangs are able to carry on gang business from within these cells.For example, the Mexican Mafia can extort drug dealers because they pose a threat to the people in system and drug dealers know that are likely to end up in prison and with individuals only in segregation for a few days or weeks at a time notes can be passed containing hit lists. (Skorbek,714) Prison gangs started back in the 1950’s with the Gypsy Jokers in Washington State Prison. The Mexican Mafia emerged in 1957 in California and was the first gang to have nationwide ties consisted of Northern California Mexicans.These gangs started out just as a way of protecting themselves from the other races, but they soon started using their numbers and influence to run the black market within the prisons. The Aryan Brotherhood is a white supremacist gang that started in California in 1967 at San Quentin. The Black Guerilla Family combined all the black rights groups of 1966 in San Quentin. La Nuestra Family was established in the 1960s in California’s Soledad for the southern California Mexicans. The Texas Syndicate emerged in 1958 at Deuel Vocation Institute in California to protect the Texan Mexicans and native Texans.The Mexikanemi is the fastes growing established in 1984 and also known as the Texas Mexican Mafia. The Newest gangs being the Nortenos, The Surenos, and the Crips and Bloods from LA. (Fleisher,2001,#1)(Morningstar,1-4) The reasons for joining a gang are many, but all very similar. Individuals join gangs for protection from other gangs or from the gang itself. This situation lends to the old phrase â€Å"If you can’t beat them join them. † There is also the very human variable: the need to fit in and feel wanted.In dividuals will join a gang because even though it is a bad identity it is still more than what they had before and even though the company is bad and dangerous they feel like they belong. The rules that the gangs enforce are all slightly different but are based on the same basics and this does supply these individuals with structure that their lacking. The basic rules are always bare your allegiance, always respect other members, always protect other members, always support the gang, always obey the gang, secrecy, and the most known blood in, blood out.In other words, you are a gang member for life and the only escape is death and most of the time a young one. (Fleisher,2001,#1,3) The process of joining a street gang is very different than joining a prison gang. A street gang the individual is mostly likely jumped in and that in tells letting all the members beat up on them for a certain amount of time a few minutes at a time. Whereas a prison gang the individual would be asked to f ight a certain individual or a guard. It also might be as simple as smuggling a note out or crafting a leader a shank and hiding it for them.In many cases, they are required to take out a member of a rival gang either by getting them locked up in segregation for a few weeks and hurting their operation or simply killing them. (National Geographic,2007) The newer gangs are based on more criminal organizations than a true sense of word gang. They are in it for the profit and run the black markets. Only 15-20% are hard core members the rest are foot soldiers that are expendable. The reasons for defecting from a gang seems more like a cheesy movie scene where the character is debating between going against their own moral code and killing a child.If they don’t kill the mark then they are next on the list and are hunted down. There are a few that go to the state for protection for exchange for the testimony and witness protection. The most common reason for defecting from a gang is that the individual broke a rule and are scarred of retribution so they go to the state. They either stole gang money/product or they slept with wrong person’s wife/girlfriend. (Fleisher,2001,#1,3) There are prison programs that force the inmate to renounce their gang affiliations and sign a written contract affirming their defection.These programs allow the prisoners to be released earlier, but they also force many inmates to become serious targets. (National Geogrpahic,2007) Inmates fear these programs because in order to graduate from the programs they are forced to relinquish the only identity they know. Prisons are their own culture in and of themselves. They vary from prison to prison and have been described as small city with all the intricacies that come with one. They use their own form of language when communicating to each other and with those on the outside. The breaking of gang code is its own department within the FBI.They have even started using texting abbrev iations within their codes. (Klivans,1) There are whole alphabets to the prison gang code and they also utilize their own form of sign language. Most of them use their tattoos to tell their stories and to inform other gang members of just where they belong within the hierarchy. They also most bare their gangs sign. Most prison gangs use tattoos simply because they look menacing and the guards can’t remove them. The street gangs use bandanas or colors, which is near impossible to replicate within a prison. National Geographic,2007) We have implemented multiple prison programs from education to religion. One of the interesting ones described in the documentary The Dhamma Brothers is a 10 day program that a group of inmates many of which that are on death row are secluded from the rest of prison population and are instructed in the practices of Buddhism. They were not so much instructed on the religious practices and beliefs, but on the deep meditating practices that help them f ocus and deal with emotions. The prisons showed a remarkable difference in both attitude and behavior after they experienced 10 days of complete silence and meditation. Kaikum,2008) Another program started in Luther Luckett Correctional complex has focused on rehabilitating their inmates through education. One of their programs is called Shakespeare Behind Bars. This program was designed to get the inmates interested in classics and possibly keep them out of trouble during the production of the plays. A group of inmates are allowed to produce plays by Shakespeare and perform them for the prison. They have an instructor that helps them learn to act and memorize their lines.The interviews reveal that although the individuals within the program are minimum security that they feel a sense of accomplishment and wish continue their education. One in particular graduated from college and was paroled in 2006. (Rogerson,2005) What we have to realize though for these individuals to graduate t hey first had to overcome their gang ties, rules, and culture. Also, survive any hits if their exit causes bad blood. They will still bare the gang tattoos and scars mental and physical. A backward step in prison system programs is the re-institution of chain gangs. Alabama re-instituted chain gangs in 1990.There are not as bad as the ones that were shut down and out lawed in many states, but there is still the humiliation of walking around in public with chains binding your feet. The males are less cumbersome since their feet are chained together with about 2 feet of slack, but females in Arizona are literary chained together with about 5 to 6 in a group. Arizona re-institutionalized chain gangs in 1996 in Estrella Correctional Facility near Phoenix. The Alabama chain gangs are forced to work in fields and clean-up crews. While working they are surrounded by guards and dogs watching for any sign of escape.Many of the inmates feel that the chains are not necessary that no one can es cape between the dogs and guards. The cruelest of the punishments given out within the chain gang system was the hitching post. If an inmate refused to work they would be hand cuffed to a metal pole in the middle of the front lawn of the prison for 24 hours. This practice was considered to be a violation of the inmates civil rights and terminated in 1997. Because of the lack of results from this program Alabama quietly discontinued use of chain gangs in 1999. However in 2004, Maricopa County started a chain gang for juvenile offenders.Arizona was the first female chain gang and is still in use and has not had much as far as results either. They clean the streets of Phoenix and trim trees. They very in offenses but the most dominate seems to be drug abuse or trafficking. Of the 6 people the documentary interviewed 3 returned to prison within a few months. (Irving,1999) Another form of punishment within the prison systems besides chain gangs and probably the most common is solitary co nfinement. This practice is being challenged as inhumane because of the possible psychological damage it can create within the inmates.Humans are social creatures and being locked up in a small cell with on human contact for possibly years is destructive to their psyche. A study done with mice shows that mice, who are locked up with no contact with other mice for just 2 weeks, show considerably different behavior. They will avoid open areas and become paranoid around other mice. (Yost,2010) Most inmates released from solitary confinement will return for bad behavior and almost immediately lash out at the guards or other inmates. They believe that solitary confinement decreases the inmate’s ability to control themselves. Yost,2010) Drug addiction, emotional damage, low education, and poor employment skills define the inmates and these disabilities endanger the community upon release, because they retreat to what will support them instead of that minimum wage job. That minimum wage job like flipping burgers at McDonalds is the only type of job an ex-con can get most of the time. They are going to look down at that job just as much a law-abiding citizens and the only difference is they won’t stoop to that level, they will go back to the gang to support themselves and their family.They are also behind on the technology in some cases. Inmates that have been locked up for more than 5 years won’t know how to run the newer computers and the idea of cell phone always in their pocket is completely foreign to them. (Fleisher,2001,#1,2)(Fleisher,2001,#2,70) Fleisher and his colleagues have ideas of integrating the x-cons into the community upon release. He notes that the men who are sent to prison are individuals who were never fully integrated into our law-abiding society and upon release they simply go back to what they know, criminal behavior.He believes that some things could be done within the community. If the community didn’t hold their gang affiliations against the individuals when they are not active members then maybe they would not return to the gang. Forcing the individual to cut his ties to the only family he has ever known or to the only identity he has ever had makes them very uncertain of their place and makes it difficult for them to form a new one from scratch. Also, the implement of in-town treatment centers for them would also increase their ability and willingness to attend their sessions.Most treatment centers are too far for them to get to and having to pay to ride a bus clear across town is something they won’t be willing to do, especially if they are working that minimum paying job. (Fleisher,2001,#2,66-71) â€Å"We have little hard data on the demographics of today’s prison gangs and the nature and levels of prions gang-related disorder in American prisons. This lack of data is a serious impediment to making progress against a serious and growing problem. †(Fleisher,2001,#1,8 ) There has been a increase in both repeat offending, parole violators, sentence length, and lifers since the emergence of prison gangs.Most of the increases are above 30% during the 90s and have only averaged out instead of decreasing since. As of 1998 California and Texas had the largest prions populations even above the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Oklahoma was just behind Louisiana and Texas for highest incarceration rates per 100,000 state residents. (Fleisher,2001,#2,67) There is a connection between gangs and violence. A study conducted by John Worrall and Robert Morris found that individuals who are members of a gang have more reports of misconduct, violence toward inmates, and violence towards guards. Worrall,430) To understand a gang or just a gang member, one would have to live where they live and grow up in the types of neighborhoods they grew up in. They join gangs for reasons and those reasons are logical to them even though they are not to us. Joining a gang for them is probably much like joining the cheer squad, football team, or academic team would be to us. It is just what you do to be involved with a group that understands you and makes you feel wanted. Most of these kids probably just want the attention, which is why gangs are now using them to traffic their drugs.They don’t receive the harder sentences as an adult would and are less suspect. (Morningstar,8) For the adults that are released from prison, there needs to be more than chain gang experience on their resume. They need the vocational and college classes to make it as well as a strong community support system that is not going to judge them. (Krienert,57) How do we get to the point that society doesn’t judge an ex-con for his past crimes? I don’t believe as a society we will ever make that change.A business owner will not take a chance on a gang or even a former gang member for fear that he / she will use that position to take advantage of the business and all it s assets. As far as the rest of society is concerned about ex-cons in general is that it doesn’t matter why you went to prison, you will never be trusted being a member of the community or the work force again. That being true for the thousands of ex-cons that can’t get a job, or find livable housing, it’s a wonder why they go back to doing the only thing they are good at.Gang membership and repeat offenders go hand in hand when you put those two elements together, and force those people to live in the life of a career criminal. 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